The Science Behind Vaccine Protocols: Core vs. Non-Core in Dogs and Cats

Understanding the Distinction

The 2022 AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines and the 2020 AAFP Feline Vaccination Guidelines classify vaccines into core (recommended for all patients) and non-core (risk-based).

Core Vaccines for Dogs (AAHA 2022)

• CDV, CPV-2, CAV-2: Start at 6–8 weeks, every 2–4 weeks until ≥16 weeks. Booster at 1 year, then every 3 years.
• Rabies: Single dose at ≥12 weeks. Booster as required by law.

Core Vaccines for Cats (AAFP 2020)

• FPV, FHV-1, FCV: Start at 6–8 weeks, every 3–4 weeks until ≥16 weeks. Booster at 1 year, then every 3 years.
• Rabies: Single dose at ≥12 weeks. Booster annually or triennially per product label.

Common Non-Core Vaccines

Dogs: Bordetella, Leptospira, Lyme, Canine Influenza (H3N2, H3N8).

Cats: FeLV (core for kittens per AAFP), Chlamydia felis, Bordetella.

Key Practice Takeaways

1. Use the 16-week rule — The final puppy/kitten vaccine must be at or after 16 weeks.
2. Risk-assess non-core vaccines annually.
3. Automated vaccine reminders tied to patient-specific protocols improve compliance dramatically.

Sources: 2022 AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines; 2020 AAFP Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel Report.